Ubushushu boGcino lwe-COVID-19: Kutheni i-ULT yesikhenkcisi?

Nge-8 kaDisemba, i-United Kingdom yaba lilizwe lokuqala emhlabeni ukuqalisa ukugonya abemi ngesitofu sokugonya se-Pfizer esivunywe ngokupheleleyo kunye nesivavanyiweyo se-COVID-19.Ngomhla we-10 kuDisemba, uLawulo lokuTya kunye neDrugs (i-FDA) luya kudibana ukuze luxoxe ngogunyaziso olungxamisekileyo lwesitofu sokugonya esifanayo.Kungekudala, amazwe ehlabathini lonke aza kulandela oku, ethabatha amanyathelo angqalileyo okuhambisa izigidi zezi zitya zeglasi zikhuselekile eluntwini.

Ukugcina amaqondo obushushu ayimfuneko angaphantsi kweqanda afunekayo ukuze kugcinwe imfezeko yesitofu sokugonya kuya kuba lulungiselelo olungundoqo lwabasasazi besitofu sokugonya.Emva koko, emva kokuba izitofu ekudala zilindelwe zifikelele kwiikhemesti kunye nezibhedlele, kufuneka ziqhubeke zigcinwa kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-zero.

Kutheni izitofu ze-COVID-19 zifuna amaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu?

Ngokungafaniyo nesitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane, esifuna ukugcinwa kwi-5 degrees celcius, iyeza le-Pfizer le-COVID-19 lifuna ukugcinwa ku--70 ngokukaCelsius.Obu bushushu bungaphantsi kwe-zero bumalunga nama-30 degrees kuphela obushushu kunobona bushushu bubandayo burekhodiweyo e-Antarctica.Nangona ingabandi kakhulu, isitofu sokugonya sikaModerna sisafuna amaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwama-20 degrees Celsius, ukuze kugcinwe amandla alo.

Ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo imfuneko yobushushu obuqhaqhazelisa amazinyo, makhe sivavanye amacandelo esitofu kunye nokuba ezi zitofu zisebenza njani kanye kanye.

Itekhnoloji ye-mRNA

Izitofu zokugonya eziqhelekileyo, njengomkhuhlane wonyaka, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku zisebenzise intsholongwane ebuthathaka okanye engasebenziyo ukuvuselela ukusabela komzimba emzimbeni.Ugonyo lwe-COVID-19 oluveliswe yiPfizer kunye neModerna zisebenzisa i-RNA yesithunywa, okanye i-mRNA ngokufutshane.I-mRNA iguqula iiseli zabantu zibe ziifektri, zibenza bakwazi ukwenza iprotein ethile ye-coronavirus.Iprotheyini ivelisa impendulo yokuzikhusela emzimbeni, ngokungathi kukho usulelo lwe-coronavirus.Kwixesha elizayo, ukuba umntu usesichengeni se-coronavirus, amajoni omzimba anokulwa ngokulula.

Itekhnoloji yesitofu sokugonya i-mRNA intsha kakhulu kwaye isitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19 siya kuba sesokuqala sohlobo lwayo ukuvunywa yi-FDA.

Ubuthathaka be-mRNA

Imolekyuli ye-mRNA iethe-ethe kakhulu.Ayithathi kakhulu ukuyibangela ukuba ichitheke.Ukuvezwa kwamaqondo obushushu okanye ii-enzymes kungonakalisa i-molecule.Ukukhusela isitofu sokugonya kwii-enzymes emzimbeni wethu, iPfizer isonge i-mRNA ngamaqamza anamafutha enziwe nge-lipid nanoparticles.Nokuba ineqamza elikhuselayo, i-mRNA isenokwehla ngokukhawuleza.Ukugcina isitofu sokugonya kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-zero kuthintela oku kuqhekeka, kugcina imfezeko yesitofu sokugonya.

UKhetho oluNtathu loGcino lwesitofu se-COVID-19

NgokukaPfizer, abasasazi sesitofu sokugonya banenketho ezintathu xa kufikwa ekugcineni amayeza abo okugonya e-COVID-19.Abasasazi bangasebenzisa iifriji ze-ULT, basebenzise abathumeli be-thermal ukugcinwa kwesikhashana ukuya kwiintsuku ze-30 (kufuneka bazalise ngeqhwa elomileyo rhoqo ngeentsuku ezintlanu), okanye bagcine kwisitofu sokugonya iintsuku ezintlanu.Umenzi wamachiza uye wathumela abathumeli be-thermal abasebenzisa i-ice eyomileyo kunye ne-GPS-enabled sensors ye-thermal ukuphepha ukuhamba kweqondo lokushisa ngelixa besendleleni ukuya kwindawo yokusetyenziswa (POU).